What is that you say? We come to our practice day in and day out, unrolling our mats, putting in the work, and enjoy the multiple gifts that this practice gives us. But, the Asana (physical practice) is just one small piece of the luscious yoga pie. Patanjali, who is a sage considered to be the father of yoga, states that there are 8 limbs, or 8 pieces of the yoga pie. Yoga comes from the the word Yoke, meaning to join or union. So when we add in the other pieces of the pie, we find the yoke, the union between the body, mind, and spirit.
The 8 limbs according to Patanjali:
Yama- ethical standards
Niyama- inward, self- practices
Asana- physical postures
Pranayama- breath control
Pratyahara- sensory withdrawal
Dharana- single pointed concentration
Dhyana- meditation or contemplation
Samadhi- enlightenment or bliss
Let’s look at the first 2 limbs a little deeper. The Yama and Niyama, kind of the do’s and don’t of yoga are broken down into:
Yama:
Ahimsa- meaning non violence, this seems like a no-brainer, of course we know we shouldn’t hurt one another physically; but it also brings an awareness to our words and thoughts, towards others and to ourselves. Are we harming ourselves by engaging in a dangerous lifestyle, or filling our minds with toxic negative thoughts. Are we mindlessly saying the first thing that pops into our head. Could we step back, take a breath, and ask ourselves if our words are hurtful. We apply this in our practice by modifying when needed, and not pushing ourselves to the point of pain, or harm.
Satya- the yama of truthfulness, another no-brainer, right? We have been taught since childhood that we shouldn’t lie. But again, this allows us to explore ourselves and our actions a little deeper. Satya helps us to look at the root of intention of our actions. Is this what I want, is this the best situation for me, am I taking this job to empower myself, or to fulfill someone else’s idea of me? Am I doing this yoga posture because it feels safe and right for me, or am I trying to please my teacher, or impress the yogi next to me?
Asteya- or non-stealing. Wow, I’ve got this down, I haven’t stole a thing in my life! Well, sure you have, at one moment or another, you have either stolen from your own joy, or someone else’s. I am one of those annoying people who had trouble with taking compliments. A friend once said to me, “wow, you look great, you look fit and like you have lost weight.” So instead of thanking her for her nice compliment, I replied with “oh, not really, I’ve been eating bad, and feeling kinda blah.” It wasn’t until my husband pointed this out to me, that I realized what I had said and that in my response, I had stolen from her joy and my own. We “steal” from the joy of our yoga practice, when we think that we need to be able to do a headstand, handstand, arm balance, etc. to be complete in our practice.
Bramacharya- Oh, they snuck in moderation on us. Yes, we knew it was coming, what’s the old quote, “all things are good in moderation.” When we apply moderation, we also have to remain present. When we are present, we can become satisfied with much less. I like to equate this practice with chocolate. Because, I love chocolate and it is so easy for me to zone out and eat a whole bag before I know it. Since I know I have this tendency, I have to actively make myself aware when I’m eating it; by igniting all my senses, noting the texture, the richness of the color, the sound it makes when I snap the bar, and then savor the taste. With this type of presence, you can be fulfilled with so much less. So back to Satya, sometimes I still eat the whole things, but hey, I try.
Aparigraha- Non-hoarding, non-possessiveness. This reminds me of my dog. I have a beautiful German Shepherd, but she is a bit of a hog. She has her favorite orange ball (which she actually stole from another dog), and many other toys that she likes to play with. She becomes so obsessed when another dog is around, that she hoards all of her toys in one spot (with the orange ball in her mouth), and stays their protecting them until the other dog leaves. She is so attached to these toys that she cannot even play with the other dog, or get a drink of water due to the ball in her mouth. Like my dogs toys, often we become too attached to our possessions, and in turn they own us and our decisions, instead of vise versa.
Niyamas- our internal observances
Saucha- Cleanliness, of the body and the mind and purity of intention. The yogis used several methods to cleanse the body, including breathing techniques, neti-pots, etc. Cleaning our bodies after practice, also helps to remove the past energy . You can also look at keeping your intentions pure and true. Again, asking the question, why am I doing this? We can also examine the food that we put into our body, and choose clean, fresh, and whole foods. We practice this in the studio, by not wearing shoes in the studio space, not allowing outside articles to pull from our attention, and by not talking. This helps to create a sacred place for our practice.
Santosa- A.K.A contentment, this is one that I am constantly trying to work on! Santosa teaches us to be okay with the way things are, and to let go of that constant need /desire to control or change things. When we are constantly thinking that things should be a different way, we really steal the beauty of things the way they are. Growing up I was always very muscular and strong, but I was not happy, I thought that I needed to be tall and skinny. Finally when I let go of the idea of what I should be, I was able to love what I am. The same goes for our practice, we get so wrapped up in that pose that we think we should be achieving, that we loose sight of what we have gained.
Tapas- Yes, tapas, turning up the heat. Tapas is our practice of discipline. It’s that discipline that makes us get out of bed to show up to our practice, and to not leave when that crazy teacher has us holding a lunge for 10 breaths. Tapas also involve knowing when you need a break and to use than heat to “burn away” the ego that keeps us from doing so. A big shout out to all of our students that completed the 30 for 30 challenge, what an amazing act of discipline that was!
Svadhyaya- The study of the self, to allow time for self-reflection. To become aware of our own personal needs and desires. Some might study sacred scriptures from their religious, or spiritual preference and apply these to daily life. You can practice this in your asana practice by being aware, of where the minds go in certain poses. Ask your self why? Why am I in such a hurry to get to the next pose? Having the awareness and the freedom from ego to modify and take breaks. Outside of yoga, we use Svadhyaya to look at our actions: Am I choosing this career path because if brings me joy, and allows me to make a positive change in my community? Or am I choosing this career path to please someone else?
Ishvara Pranidhana- “It is what it is”, Ishvara Pranidhana is our final Niyama this is the joyous and empowering surrender to what is. It’s such a relief to let go of our internal need to “fix,” or to “change” things. I cannot control the traffic I am sitting in, it is out of my power to make these cars move out of my way, so instead of being angry, yelling, and honking my horn, I will put on my favorite song, and enjoy time with myself. In our practice we find the joy in where we are, let go of the need to find that perfect pose, and just enjoy the journey.
There you have it, the Yamas and the Niyamas, take the ones that resonate with you, apply them to your life, and practice and see what transpires! These Yamas and Niyamas are practices, meaning that they do not always come naturally, sometimes we have to STOP, take a step back and Choose to apply them in our life situations.
The light within me honors the light within you,
Misty Miller
Uptown Yoga Instructor